Irish Culture free essay sample

When thinking of the Irish culture, what does one think of? Clovers? Drunken men? Maybe so, but are those how true Irishmen and woman would see it. They would merely see it as a Shamrock and having a good time with friends and family telling folktales around a fire. The Irish culture is unique. One filled with joy, passion, and yes, maybe a few drinks. Today I am here to enlightening you about Irish wedding customs, cuisine and tradition of the kitchen, as well as folklore and myths. One thing that every different culture expresses uniquely is a marriage, or wedding.A typical Irish traditional wedding is a beautiful ceremony. From the stunning attire of both the bride and groom, traditionally the later would be dressed in a kilt made from the tartan of his clan, whereas the bride would usually wear white to show her purity. There is an old saying about the color of the brides dress†¦ Marry in white, everything’s right Marry in blue, lover be true Marry in pink, spirit’s will sink Marry in gray, live far away Marry in brown, live out of town Marry in green, ashamed to be seenMarry in yellow, ashamed of your fellow Marry in black, wish you were back Marry in red, wish you were dead Marry in tan, he’ll be a loved man Marry in pearl, you’ll live in a whirl†¦ Having said this, you might be able to fathom what such a unique wedding may be like in an Irish culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Irish Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Secondly, I would like to educate you about Irish cuisine. A traditional Irish meal is usually made up of very simple ingredients and is extremely easy to cook. Most Irish food recipes are made up of vegetables, meat or fish.These are the core ingredients for any traditional dish and have been the main source of food in Ireland for hundreds of years. It is practically a sin to leave the house on an empty stomach if one is Irish. The Full Irish Breakfast is famous throughout the world as being the only way to start the day. Also, an Irish woman knows the way to a man’s heart is through his stomach†¦ and in homes all across Ireland girls are taught how to cook that special breakfast if she ever wants to have a husband.Irish culture in the kitchen has influenced other nations and cultures all around and even America today. Lastly and most interestingly is Irish folktale and myths. Stories have been, and still are told around the fire, usually with the storyteller enjoying a ‘wee drop o the black stuff to wet his whistle’†¦ if you know what I mean. Family stories are passed down generation by generation. Irish families everywhere around an older family member and listen wide eyed as they are taken on an epic adventure full of danger and excitement.Many of the most fantastic tales and myths originate from Irish folktales such as the Leprechaun, the Lock Ness Monster and many more. Story telling plays a big part in the Irish culture and influences modern stories. In closing I hope that you all are now more aware, mindful, and hopefully respectful of the Irish culture knowing more about the traditions, cooking, and tales. This culture has been highly influential to the rest of the world for years and continues to be today. Without out it, one of you in this room may not be where you are today.

Pay the Man essays

Pay the Man essays In eighteen forty-nine, Henry David Thoreau wrote an essay called Civil Disobedience, in response to his one- night imprisonment for refusing to pay his poll-tax, in protest of the Mexican War. Thoreau believed that if one HONEST man were to withdraw from the state, and be locked up in the jail therefore, it would be the beginning of revolution and reform in the United States. This is not logical. The state uses jails to neutralize dangerous people, because nothing can be accomplished from a jail cell. He writes, Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also a prison. I say the true place for this just man is on the community radio station, in the Sunday morning newspaper, and even in front of the city library, letting his ideas get out in the open where people like you and me can listen, read, and discuss. Sitting in a cage for a just cause is passive resistance and it is simply not enough to inspire people to action. Thoreau explains that resistance to the civil government should be based on my conscience; that in all circumstances, I should do what I believe is right. Can there not be a government in which majorities do not virtually decide right and wrong, but [a mans] conscience? Must the citizen ever for a moment or in the least degree, resign his conscience to the legislator? Why has every man a conscience, then? Two examples Thoreau uses are the waging of war against Mexico, and the holding of slaves. He urges, This people must cease to hold slaves, and to make war on Mexico, though it cost them their existence as a people. Thoreaus conscience told him that slavery was wrong, immoral, or against his personal beliefs. However, to Thoreaus neighbor, who truly believes that God gave white men dominion over black men, it would be immoral to give blacks the same rights as whi ...

Cultural factors on managerial roles in female managers Research Paper

Cultural factors on managerial roles in female managers - Research Paper Example There has been a realization that barriers women face exist in medium to large organizations throughout the world (Davidson & Burke, 2004). The glass ceiling, that invisible but impenetrable barrier that keeps women out of the top levels of organizations, is a worldwide phenomenon. Organizations are also beginning to conclude that the full utilization and development of the talents of all employees has become a business imperative (Burke, 2005). If firms are to remain productive and competitive in an increasingly demanding global marketplace, they must recruit, retain, develop and promote their most talented people-regardless of their sex. This is increasingly seen not only as the ethical thing to do but also as the most progressive way of advancing organizations. In light of this reality, a number of leading organizations are making conscious efforts towards being more women-friendly (Burke, 2005). Thankfully, these efforts have helped increase the attention accorded to women in man agement. Organizations have a more structured approach aimed at promoting more women than has been traditionally the case. Currently, we can see that the proportions of women in the American labor force, in management overall, and in top management have increased in recent years. Also, the gap between proportions of women in the labor force and in management overall has virtually disappeared. ... and they occupied 50% of the overall managerial positions. A prior report, released in 2006, indicated that the women population had exceeded the men population in mid-level positions and occupations. Looking at these statistics, it is clear that women have made substantial progress in mid-level management; however, they still remain much maligned in top level management as statistics will reveal (Catalyst 2013). In 2010, only 2.4% of the Fortune 500 senior positions were occupied by women. In the FTSE 100, the situation was even worse with women occupying a mere 1.8% of the senior/top positions. These wanting statistics extend to boardroom seats, mainly in the major economies such as U.S. and U.K. Looking at the FTSE 100, women constitute only 12.5% of the overall directors, though this was a slight improvement from 11.7% in 2008 and 12.2% in 2009 (Toegel, 2011). However, the situation is not all gloom, as in certain countries the number of women holding senior positions in the corp orate world is competitive enough, an example of this is in Norway where women occupy 44.2% of the total board seats. All the same, this is an isolated case, and discrimination is more the norm in most corporations especially in U.S. and U.K. Research reveals that even in countries such as Norway, where women occupancy is quite competitive the number has not been achieved voluntarily (Toegel, 2011). The current situation was necessitated by a 2008 law which required that all publicly listed companies have a board constitution made up of at least 40 percent women (Catalyst 2013). Countries such as Norway provide hope for women, going forward much more effort will be directed to achieving competitive women numbers. There are some commendable steps, with France and Spain said to be

Short Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Short Story - Essay Example One would feel that they had forgotten the terror revolving on their heads. But the truth was that they had learnt to live in terror. The bus-stop was as usual crowded with waiting passengers. Second last in the queue was a boy who kept opening and shutting the lens of his camera while standing at the bus stop. The big, black camera hanging from his neck was the only thing he was carrying. A lose black t-shirt and a pair of worn out baggy jeans pants were hanging over his thin body frame. Natural goatee marked his chin and his face was colourless, ghostly white. He would be barely out of teens but his demeanour gave his face the maturity of forties. He turned the camera around, slapped it a couple of times and tried to adjust the lens again. The boy managed to squeeze his way to the middle of the jam-packed bus with the man virtually on his shoulder. Though it was a pleasant morning in the Poonch district of Kashmir, the insides of the bus were boiling due to the crowd. Wailing infants and shouting women were adding to the heat. Conductor of the bus rushed towards the new entrants and started handing out tickets. ‘No-no, I don’t regret it, he died bravely like a warrior, though he was a common man. He was just about your age and used to carry the same type off camera around his neck. I am really proud that he died on duty, serving the nation....Do you know, he revealed the exact hideout of the enemy to the Indian army unit posted there just before he died? The Government of India has bestowed Gallantry Award on my son... posthumously. It’s just that I miss him too much and cannot stop myself when I see somebody like him....,’ the man’s voice trailed off as he wiped the corners of his eyes with his hands. ‘Hey chap...Oh boy...,’ Habibulah called after the boy but the boy kept walking at a fast pace. The bus had started off again. The man looked at the departing bus and then ran behind the boy.

Joint ventures and strategic alliance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Joint ventures and strategic alliance - Essay Example It also fosters reduction of risks and costs between the parties in different areas. Such areas include relationships with suppliers and the development of new technologies. Strategic alliances are sometimes considered to have equal magnitudes as joint ventures. The difference between the two is where an alliance can accommodate parties that are competitors, and the engagement lasts for a short time as compared to a joint venture. A joint venture, therefore, is a business agreement in which the parties involved agree on certain factors towards the development of what looks like a new entity. The factors are development criteria, finite time, creation of a new entity and new assets by contribution of investment. The parties to the joint venture contribute equity. Per se, they share the expenses, assets and revenue on agreed on basis. Strategic alliances and joint ventures are critical to the organization for a number of reasons. The paper focuses on discussing these reasons and whethe r the reason enables the alliances and ventures to complement global mega-mergers as a global business strategy. There are several critical reasons or important factors that necessitate for the formation of global strategic alliances and joint ventures. Per se, they are the benefits that international businesses may accrue from such alliances and ventures (Chou et al., 2014 p. 42). There are many motivational factors that may drive the firms to enter into the ventures or alliances. Per se, the use of strategic alliances and joint ventures is increasingly gaining popularity. A growing number of globally multinational firms are finding it better to carry their operations under such umbrellas. Firms argue that under such agreements, each party can bring to the table complementary strengths. Such powers enable the companies to gain significant competitive advantages (Chou et al. 2014, p. 42). The firm’s knowledge

Role of Social Interactions in Identity Formation

Role of Social Interactions in Identity Formation Critically examine how sociology discusses social interactions (or social relations) and the role these interactions play in shaping the notion of self and/or identity. Social interaction involves people communicating face-to-face, acting and reacting in relation to each other using verbal as well as non-verbal cues. Every social interaction is characterised and dependent on peoples distinct positions in terms of their statuses, their standards of conduct or norms and their sets of expected behaviour or roles (Furze et al., 2008: 115). Furze et al. identify three major modes of social interaction, each of which is not without its limitations. This essay will suggest that perhaps there is a need for a refinement or refashioning of existing approaches to the study of social interaction due to such limitations. In addition, the inexplicable link between notions of the self, individual identity and the social realm will be established, namely through the work of Richard Jenkins. Exchange theory involves social interactions which trade in attention and other valued resources. As an important social force that cements social interactions, it is a competitive exchange of resources. People communicate to varying degrees to extract some sort of benefit from interactions, one that is often of an economic nature. For example, a brief everyday interaction between a supermarket shopper and the cashier could be subject to this theory. Rational choice theory describes how interacting people will always try to maximise benefits and minimise costs to themselves. That is, everyone wants to gain the most from their interactions socially, emotionally, and economically while paying the least. Dramaturgical analysis describes the way in which social interaction involves a constant role-playing, an approach that was first developed by sociologist Erving Goffman (1959). He likens the presentation of the self in everyday life to that of actors in a theatre. We are constantly engaged in role-playing which is most evident when we are front stage in public settings (Furze et al., 2008: 127). We learn, socialise and adopt roles so that we know what is considered acceptable behaviour in the public domain. We take these on through the various institutions of socialisation, such as the family, the school and the media, for example. Furthermore, Goffmans analysis problematises Pierre Bourdieus theory of power, practice and conflict theories of social interaction. Conflict theory emphasises that when people interact, their statuses are arranged in a hierarchy and the degree of inequality strongly affects the character of social interaction between the interacting parties (Bourdieu, 1977). On the other hand Goffman implies that such cues can be manipulated and misinterpreted. For example, a luxury car may signify wealth but if it were in fact stolen property then its public impression contradicts the actual status held by its owner. These theoretical frameworks for social interaction, then, are important to sociology because they have been developed in an attempt to explain how we live with each other in various forms of social relations. The idea of face-to-face relations is a much broader idea now than, say, around 20 years ago where avenues for social interaction such as the Internet and mobile phones were. It is mostly structured around norms and status we carry, for example. The ever-increasing popularity over the past five years of Internet Social Networking Sites such as Facebook and Twitter, for example, complicate Goffmans notion of the front stage-backstage binary. The notion of the self in an early historical sociological view was that there was a separation between society and the self. C. Wright Mills (1959) as well as Emile Durkheim in the example of suicide maintain that, certainly, the public world (socio-cultural world) and the private self are always interconnected (Geary, 2009). We are shaped by a specific set of forces which locate the self in and of particular sets of circumstances and this is what is what is referred to as the process of socialisation. We develop a sense of self by how we perceive the other. Identifying ourselves or others is a matter of meaning, and meaning always involves interaction: agreement and disagreement, convention and innovation, communication and negotiation (Jenkins, 2004: 4). Identity formation, then, is almost always already part of social and cultural relations or interactions. To identify the self and the so-called other person, according to Jenkins, relates to the way meaning-making impacts on us, as well as the way we alter such meanings. The individual and the collective are routinely entangled with each other and the three approaches exchange theory, rational choice theory and dramaturgical analysis outlined by Furze et al. are some examples. These must accommodate the fluidity of identity and notions of the self.

Immanuel Velikovsky :: biographies bio

Correspondence Before the Day Breaks, When I first ran across any of Velikovsky's ideas it was in this online book Before the Day Breaks. In this book Velikovsky writes about his correspondence and conversations with Albert Einstein. I read some of this book before ever reading anything else of Velikovsky, or having any idea of what was proposed in his book Worlds in Collision. Before the Day Breaks is a very well written book, where Velikovsky's main argument is that gravity and inertia are not the only forces acting on the solar system. After Velikovsky published his book Worlds in Collision he has had much difficulty getting anyone in the scientific community to listen to him. There were numerous accounts of unjust behavior towards him from many famous scientist. It is ironic that while many people were ignoring him, he was discussing scientific matters with Einstein. While Before the Day Breaks may not have any substantial scientific impact, it does two separate other things. Provide a good insight to som e of the prejudices of the general scientific community at that time. Give good clues as to what Einstein's personality was like. Background Info. / History 1895, June 10, Immanuel Velikovsky was born in Vitebsk, Russia 1913> studied medicine at Montpelier, France, 1921 Velikovsky received a medical degree at the University of Moscow 1921 moved to Berlin, married, edited a journal called Scripta Universitatis atque Bibliothecae Hierosolymitarum, the mathematical-physical section was prepared by Albert Einstein. This journal played a big role in developing the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, 1924-1939 "Velikovsky lived in Palestine, practicing psychoanalysis- he had studied under Freud's pupil, Wi1helm Stekel in Vienna" quoted from (Short Biography) 1950 published Words in Collision right away it was a NY Times non-fiction #1 international best seller for 7 weeks until the publisher (Macmillan) dropped the book due to opposition to it led by Harvard astronomer Dr. Shapley -This book was about Velikovsky's claims that incidences in numerous independent cultures around the world were not due to terrestrial origin (i.e. comets and planets caused massive disasters) 1960s Velikovsky was considered as quack by most everyone

Mandatory Marriage Counseling

America is continuously plagued by divorce at an alarming rate destroying the basic structure of our society, which is the family. The trend is ever increasing and a growing problem in American culture. Divorce rate kept rising since 1920s with 13.4 per 100 marriages to 32.8 per 100 marriages in 1988. Today, studies have shown that 50% of first marriages in the United States fail. In 1940, the National Center for Health Statistics recorded 264,000 divorces and annulments and reached 1,182,000 in 1990.On the other hand, the National Survey of Families and Household cited that 84 percent of separated women would seek divorce after three years of marriage and 91 percent after five years of marriage. Some studies find the divorce rate for second marriages is as much as 10 percent higher than for first-timers. The chance of getting divorced remains so high that it makes sense for all married couples – including those who are currently satisfied with their relationship – to p ut extra effort into their marriages to keep them strong. (Gottman & Silver 4).The effects of divorce are most severe among women and especially to children who may develop psychological problems leading to juvenile delinquency. Economically dependent to their husbands and fathers, these women and children are forced to live on welfare and practically left homeless.Realizing this serious problem, state governments are now initiating measures to save marriages from deteriorating and protect families from breaking apart by enacting laws of mandatory marriage counseling prior to getting a marriage license in hope of preventing more divorces. I favor such law that would educate couples about the seriousness of marriage and the necessity to lifelong commitment. Critics oppose this early intervention because it is just a waste of time and money or that counseling does not work.More often in marriage expectations are in contrast with realities resulting to various conflicts. It is extremel y important therefore that would be married couples completely comprehend what they are up against, know the challenges that they may encounter, and learn how to deal with uncertainties. When Louisiana passed the law in 1997, Steven L. Nock conducted a five-year empirical study about the consequences of premarital counseling. In the report entitled Can Louisiana’s Covenant Marriage Law Solve America’s Divorce Problem?, 81% of the 521 married couples believed that mandatory counseling was very important.Their overall marital quality was better compared to those who did not take premarital counseling. In addition, their levels of commitment and agreement were higher. They experienced fewer worries and have greater sharing of household chores.The Evil of Divorce. To clearly discuss the merits of mandatory marriage counseling, I feel the urge to talk about the evils of divorce so that one can truly appreciate the benefits of counseling in the preservation of marriage. Each year, some 1.2 million children become products of divorced parents. Their normal childhood experiences are disrupted and filled with all sorts of stress. Many of them carry physical and emotional pain throughout their adulthood and may commit the same mistakes as their parents did. It is a chain reaction that affects family and our society.Children raised in single-parent families are more likely to drop out of high school, have lower grades and attendance while in school, and are less likely to attend and graduate from college than children raised in two-parent families. They are more likely to be out of school and unemployed and are also more likely to become single parents themselves, than children raised in two-parent families. Studies have found that, compared to children in two-parent families, children of divorce score lower on measures of self-concept, social competence, conduct, psychological adjustment and long-term health. (Bramlett & Mosher 4).Furthermore, they commit crimes, exhibit suicidal tendency, hook in illegal drugs, and become victims of abuse. They have turned into unproductive members of American society. The government spends almost $150 billion annually trying to subsidize single-parent families. However, only $150 million a year is devoted to programs that strengthen marriages. Most marriages end in divorce because of poor communications, financial problems, lack of commitment, infidelity, failed expectations, and physical, emotional or sexual abuse.As an institution, the government has the obligation to protect and restore the integrity of marriage. Thus mandatory marriage counseling is one of the best ways to teach couples the importance and true meaning of lifelong commitment. To rebuild the traditions of family life, the government in all levels must have the will to act to safeguard the sanctity of marriage.The Benefits of Marriage Counseling. The principal aim of marital counseling is to help couples stay together. Marital edu cation â€Å"immunizes couples against disappointment and despair†¦it also prevents the development of problems that are costly to children and all of society. Mismanaged conflict†¦ predicts both marital distress and negative effects on children's physical and mental health†. (Leslie par. 21). Preparation before marriage is critical to the success of family life. Mandatory counseling will help couples strengthen their relationship, love, intimacy, and commitment. It will enhance their communication skills and manage conflicts with the right attitude.This process will also evaluate the views and determination of the couples whether they are ready and compatible for marriage at the same time identify possible setbacks and weaknesses to better equip themselves in overcoming future challenges. Having a better view of marriage with its legal and natural obligations, couples will have a better chance to live a healthier marriage.Through counseling, couples will have infor med decisions to enrich their married life. A well-planned marriage is the key to combat divorce. More often people get married only to discover the true character of their partner and it is already too late to retreat. With mandatory counseling, couples will have the opportunity to know each other sincerely and have the chance to confront and resolve their problems and apprehensions before living together for a very long time. I suggest that couples seek premarital counseling so that they would fully understand and value the meaning of marriage and family.Conclusion. In our modern culture many Americans no longer see the importance of marriage. They look at marriage as a private contract rather than a lifelong commitment. One can easily obtain divorce by simply writing â€Å"irreconcilable differences†. They forget that marriage has special obligations: 1) to love and respect each other; (2) to live together; (3) to make decisions relating to family life in the best interest of the family; (4) to maintain and teach their children â€Å"in accordance with their capacities, natural inclinations, and aspirations†; and (5) the right and duty of each spouse to manage the household. (Spaht 469).Marriage is a social institution and the foundation of every family. As a moral fiber of American society, families must be protected by all means. It is the duty of all citizens. However, the government must take steps to enact laws in preserving family values as well as formulate and invest in social programs that strengthen marriages.Counseling is a helpful tool in rescuing marriages. That is why I advocate for the passage of bills that would require couples to attend mandatory marriage counseling before they can obtain their license so that they be educated on the responsibilities and commitment they have to render to society and their families. Should it be necessary, the rules on divorce must be strict and that â€Å"no-fault† divorce must end.The government must set goals to reduce divorce and campaign on its risks. Community-based marriage programs are advantageous to assist couples in getting married and monitor those marriages that are endangered. In this way, any problem would be resolved immediately. By saving marriages, we save our families.ReferencesGottman, John and Silver, Nan. â€Å"The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work: A Practical Guide from the Country's Foremost Relationship Expert†. Three Rivers Press, New York. 16 May 2000.Bramlett, Matthew D. Ph.D. and Mosher, William D. Ph.D. Cohabitation, Marriage, Divorce, and Remarriage in the United States. Vital and Health Statistics, Series 23, No. 22. Department of Health and Human Services. July 2002. 10 April 2007 http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_23/sr23_022.pdfLeslie, Mark A. Legislative Efforts to Strengthen Marriage. Public Law Research Institute. University of California Hastings College of Law. 2004. 10 April 2007 http://sierra.uchastings. edu/plri/spring98/marriage.htmlSpaht, Katherine Shaw. Covenant Marriage: An Achievable Legal Response to the Inherent Nature of Marriage and its Various Goods. Ave Maria Law Review. Vol. 4:2. 2006. 10 April 2007 http://www.avemarialaw.edu/publications/lawReview/articles/AMLR.v4i2.spaht.final2.pdf

School Privacy essays

School Privacy essays The incidents of April 20, 1999 from Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado put the consequences of student privacy in schools into a new perspective. Two students, Dylan Klebold and Ryan Harris, who were, for all intents, intelligent and well adjusted went on a killing spree. They killed and injured several members of the school including a teacher. (Rosenberg, 2000) Then they turned the guns on themselves. Their plans were grandiose. After the massacre, they intended to flee the country. Once the furor had died down, new information showed that the two students were generally reticent, withdrawn and subjected to bullying by their peers, especially the physically stronger students. Klebold and Harris were emotionally and physically abused. Isolated, they developed a hatred for their fellow students. Following this heinous incident, the usual suspects began opining on how this could have been prevented. One of the key points were whether their privacy ought to have been intruded by searching their lockers for clues that might have prevented this disaster. Many such instances make news these days. Among these: students bringing guns to school, the infiltration of the drug culture into schools and teenage pregnancies among middle and High school students. At the core of all these problems is addressing the issues of any individual's privacy versus the common good and safety of fellow students. These issues cannot be dismissed offhand. The consequences of adopting one position over the other might even have constitutional consequences. The fourteenth amendment to the US Constitution protects the right of an individual to privacy. The Fourth Amendment protects the student from illegal searches and seizures (House.gov, 2003) This essay will address the ethical issues surroundin...

How the Great Powers Shape the World BOOK REVIEW essays

How the Great Powers Shape the World BOOK REVIEW essays "A centurys journey: How the great powers shape the world" For all the claims of globalization, says Robert A. Pastor, a handful of countries still define the world at the end of the 20th centuryand will continue to do so in the 21st. This statement infuses new blood into the current foreign policy discussion about the likely arrangement of the foreign policy stage in the 21st century. Many foreign policy analysts have suggested that new powers will arise in a big way and push aside and steal the limelight form the usual stars of the foreign policy theater. In A centurys journey, Robert A. Pastor Along with six other foreign-policy scholars, argues that the current foreign policy heavyweights will continue to wield considerable influence, despite the new set of circumstances they are presented with. Pastor examines the recent history of the world's seven "great powers" (France, Germany, Russia, Great Britain, China, Japan, and the United States) to demonstrate how they have influencedand adapted tothe upheavals of the 20th century. T hey also offer some thoughts on what the "Liberal Epoch" to come will bring: if Russia and China are not fully welcomed into the community of great powers, Pastor warns, conflict is inevitable. And while international law and tribunals will continue to play an important role, they will require strengthened means of monitoring and enforcement if they are to be effective. This point is particularly important, because it outlines the new framework that needs to be developed by the international community to be able to deal with an increasingly integrated world and the effects of that integration. A Century's Journey offers some carefully considered insights into how the nations of the world will deal with each other in the coming decades. This incisive study of the evolving world order argues that seven countries have changed the wo ...

The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources and International Essay

The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources and International Trade Law - Essay Example The main objective of the treaty is to conserve and sustainably use plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. In addition, there must be fair and equitable sharing of the benefits that arise in the use of plant genetic resources (Curci 3). Achieving the main objectives of the treaty has several implications on the intellectual property rights. In addition, the treaty has several implications on the conservation of genetic resources. The general regime on access to genetic resources and benefits sharing are some of the provisions in the treaty that are relevant to the intellectual property rights. In the treaty, bilateral negotiations were made between genetic provider countries and other user countries. According to Biber-Klemn and Cottier (217), the main elements of the treaty include: the affirmation of the sovereign rights of the provider states over their genetic resources; the creation of environmentally friendly genetic resources that can bring benefits to user countries; and the access to a country’s genetic resources by other nations being subject to Prior Informed Consent (PIC). The access to and the transfer of genetic resources technology in the treaty states that countries engaging in the contract must cooperate subject to national legislation and international law (Lewinski 69). This is to ensure that such intellectual property rights are supportive and do not go against the established objectives of the treaty, according to Lewinski. The rights of farmers are also included in the treaty, particularly Article 9 of the treaty. Article 9 recognizes the contribution of local traditional communities and farmers to the conservation and development of plant genetic resources for the purpose of food and agriculture production. In addition, the article places the responsibility for the realization of the rights of farmers by the national governments. The contracting parties should ensure that there is protection and promotion of

Module 5, 6 and 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Module 5, 6 and 7 - Essay Example The three aspects of consultancy that a consultant should be able to differentiate are intercultural, transnational or transnational and multicultural environments of consultancy. Intercultural consulting is where interactions occur across borders of two or more cultures, for example when an individual from a particular country goes to work in another country. It is important to identify the cultural patterns that distinguish national cultures or particular regions. These patterns may be found in proverbs and story lines that appear repeatedly in the literature, art and films of certain cultural societies. The idea is to learn as much as one can about that society. This will promote an understanding between the consultant and the individuals of the society they will be working in. it will also facilitate proper communication since the consultant will be knowledgeable about the things they should and should not do or say. The second type of environment is the transnational or transcultural consulting. This is whereby an individual or organization can identify with more than one nation or culture. This is good for the business as they can refer to a variety of cultures, languages and experiences as they carry out their work. Such individuals can also work as a bridge connecting particular cultures and languages which work in favor of the business. There is really not much difference between the transcultural and the multicultural as multicultural consulting refers to many different ethnicities, cultures and nationalities existing within the same organization. All of these will enable the business acquire more reliable information from experts who have had different experiences. Another factor that will favor the business is if the consultant has the necessary skills of inquiry. These skills are crucial to the business as they enable the consultant learn about the organization and